What is Hall Effect Sensor???

When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field,than a field perpendicular to both the fields is generated and the transducer that undergoes such a mechanism is known as Hall Effect sensor.

Hence,the output voltage can be varied by the magnetic field given as input.
Having a known magnetic field, can help in determining its distance from the Hall plate.

The Hall probe is coated with an Indium compound such that when magnetic lines are passed, the sensor present in the probe detects the magnetic flux density(B).An amount of current is passed through the compound when it is placed in magnetic field having Hall Effect voltage developed across it.

The working principle of the sensor is quite simple.
There are two conductors enclosed on a plate called Hall plate.When charges are bombarded,  flow of electrons takes place.Due to presence of magnetic field,the charges get deflected and hence a part of conductor gains positive charge while the other gains negative charge.This is termed as Hall Voltage respectively.

Hall Effect sensors are commonly used where time has to be taken into account like the Internal Combustion Engine,Fuel Level Indicators etc.
It is also used for switching purposes.It is economic compared to other switches which runs on single contact criteria.

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For animated illustration , you can view en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hall_sensor_tach.gif



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